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Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Apr 2019Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, generalized disorder of the connective tissue. It is characterized by immune disorders, abnormalities of morphology and functions... (Review)
Review
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, generalized disorder of the connective tissue. It is characterized by immune disorders, abnormalities of morphology and functions of small blood vessels, and the presence of inflammatory process. The pathogenesis of this disorder has not yet been fully understood. The classification criteria were established by The American College of Rheumatology (ACR). A number of clinical types are distinguished due to the diversity of the clinical picture. These types are characterized by a different course, presence of organ complications and prognosis. Connective tissue disorders are interdisciplinary conditions and, therefore, the subject of interest of different medical specialties, including dentistry. The oral cavity may be the place of pathological manifestations within soft and hard tissues. Such manifestations are the results or the primary symptom of systemic diseases. The relationship between the health of the oral cavity and systemic diseases has been frequently reported in the literature. Lesions in the oral cavity in patients with SSc are discussed in detail in the present paper. Management includes the administration of drugs that prevent tissue ischemia and post-ischemic consequences as well as drugs that inhibit inflammatory-immune processes and excessive collagen production.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Diseases; Oral Health; Scleroderma, Systemic; Tooth Diseases; United States
PubMed: 30079996
DOI: 10.17219/acem/76847 -
Stomatologija 2014Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin is a well-known condition in both the dental and otolaryngology communities. It occurs when the Schneiderian membrane is... (Review)
Review
Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin is a well-known condition in both the dental and otolaryngology communities. It occurs when the Schneiderian membrane is violated by conditions arising from dentoalveolar unit. This type of sinusitis differs in its pathophysiology, microbiology, diagnostics and management from sinusitis of other causes, therefore, failure to accurately identify a dental cause in these patients usually lead to persistent symptomatology and failure of medical and surgical therapies directed toward sinusitis. Unilateral recalcitrant disease associated with foul smelling drainage is a most common feature of odontogenic sinusitis. Also, high-resolution CT scans and cone-beam volumetric computed tomography can assist in identifying dental disease. Sometimes dental treatment alone is adequate to resolve the odontogenic sinusitis and sometimes concomitant or subsequent functional endoscopic sinus surgery or Caldwell-Luc operation is required. The aim of this article is to give a review of the most common causes, symptoms, diagnostic and treatment methods of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Search on Cochrane Library, PubMed and Science Direct data bases by key words resulted in 35 articles which met our criteria. It can be concluded that the incidence of odontogenic sinusitis is likely underreported in the available literature.
Topics: Humans; Maxillary Sinusitis; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 25209225
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Medicine Dec 2018Traumatic injuries, genetic diseases, and external harmful agents such as bacteria and acids often compromise tooth integrity. There is an unmet medical need to develop... (Review)
Review
Traumatic injuries, genetic diseases, and external harmful agents such as bacteria and acids often compromise tooth integrity. There is an unmet medical need to develop alternative, innovative dental treatments that complement traditional restorative and surgery techniques. Stem cells have transformed the medical field in recent years. The combination of stem cells with bioactive scaffolds and nanostructured materials turns out to be increasingly beneficial in regenerative dental medicine. Stem cell-based regenerative approaches for the formation of dental tissues will significantly improve treatments and will have a major impact in dental practice. To date there is no established and reliable stem cell-based treatment translated into the dental clinics, however, the advances and improved technological knowledge are promising for successful dental therapies in the near future. Here, we review some of the contemporary challenges in dental medicine and describe the benefits and future possibilities of certain novel approaches in the emerging field of regenerative dentistry.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Dental Materials; Dentistry; Humans; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cells; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 29969611
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.05.042 -
Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) Oct 2016Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common chronic motor disorder with associated cognitive, communicative, and seizure disorders. Children with CP have a higher risk of dental... (Review)
Review
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common chronic motor disorder with associated cognitive, communicative, and seizure disorders. Children with CP have a higher risk of dental problems creating significant morbidity that can further affect their wellbeing and negatively impact their quality of life. Screening for dental disease should be part of the initial assessment of any child with CP. The objective of this article is to present an updated overview of dental health issues in children with CP and outline important preventative and practical strategies to the management of this common comorbidity. Providing adequate oral care requires adaptation of special dental skills to help families manage the ongoing health issues that may arise. As oral health is increasingly recognized as a foundation for general wellbeing, caregivers for CP patients should be considered an important component of the oral health team and must become knowledgeable and competent in home oral health practices.
Topics: Bruxism; Caregivers; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Humans; Malocclusion; Mass Screening; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Quality of Life; Sialorrhea; Stomatognathic Diseases; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Tooth Erosion
PubMed: 27744459
DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2016.4.20150729 -
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Jun 2017Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) relies on the orchestration of clinical and biologic events that include the application of clinical force followed by a cascade of... (Review)
Review
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) relies on the orchestration of clinical and biologic events that include the application of clinical force followed by a cascade of cellular and molecular responses. Our understanding about OTM today has evolved from, and is largely based on historic studies. However, the advances in bone biology and clinical orthodontics today continue to pave the pathway towards an improved knowledge base, and state of the art therapeutics in OTM. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have been the primary cells analyzed in OTM. However, the role of osteocytes, a cell previously thought to be static, should be considered in light of new findings in molecular biological research. Osteocytes are now known to be significant in controlling responses to mechanical forces and therefore may be central to both OTM and normal tooth eruption. In this review, we explore the biology of OTM by focusing specifically on the potential role of osteocytes. Evidence from recent studies reveal that osteocytes have a role in controlling the response to mechanical forces and OTM. We therefore propose that these findings and further research endeavours may shape the future of clinical applications-specifically enhanced outcomes in OTM.
Topics: Animals; Bone Remodeling; Humans; Osteocytes; Stress, Mechanical; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 28643925
DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12176 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Nov 2018The objective of this study was to evaluate the dental and oral manifestations in patients with celiac disease.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dental and oral manifestations in patients with celiac disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 40 patients with the disease and 40 without the disease matched by age in southern Brazil. The CD group included patients previously diagnosed by positive anti-endomysial (IgA) examination and confirmed by small intestine biopsy. The presence of dental enamel defects and dental caries was evaluated by a calibrated researcher according to AINE's and WHO's criteria, respectively. The history of recurrent aphthous ulcers and dry mouth was obtained through reporting. For the evaluation of the salivary flow, the saliva samples were obtained through the non-stimulated and stimulated saliva collection method.
RESULTS
There was a significant association between CD and dental enamel defects (OR=2.38, P=0.045) and dry mouth (OR=9.15, P=0.002). No difference was found for the report of recurrent aphthous ulcers and caries experience between the two groups. Patients with CD had normal pattern of unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates (0.67 ± 0.38 ml / min and 1.14 ± 0.47 ml / min, respectively). A higher occurrence of dental enamel defects was observed in patients with classic CD (P=0.054). Of the 1,962 permanent teeth, 59 presented dental enamel defects, 71.8% of which were in patients with CD (P=0.001), predominantly in molars (P=0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
CD increased the likelihood of dental enamel defects and dry mouth sensation. The oral examination can be an important auxiliary tool for the identification of cases of the disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Celiac Disease; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Prevalence; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 30341262
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22506 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jan 2016Biofilms are naturally found in all wet environments including the oral structures of nearly all species. Human oral biofilms have existed since our earliest ancestors... (Review)
Review
Biofilms are naturally found in all wet environments including the oral structures of nearly all species. Human oral biofilms have existed since our earliest ancestors and have evolved symbiotically with the dentition over many millennia within a Palaeolithic, hunter-gatherer setting. Irrespective of the plant-animal ratio, it can be argued that the Palaeolithic diet was essentially acidic, and acted as a selective force for much of the evolution of the stomatognathic system. The relationship between saliva, biofilm and teeth, the 'sialo-microbial-dental complex', provides oral health benefits and offers a different perspective to the old dental paradigm that only associated oral biofilms (plaque) with disease (caries). This new paradigm emphasises that oral biofilms are essential for the 'mineral maintenance' of teeth. Oral biofilms provide physical protection from dietary acid and together with bacterial metabolic acids cause the resting pH of the biofilm to fall below neutral. This is then followed by the re-establishment of a neutral environment by chemical interactions mediated by the saliva within the biofilm. Such pH fluctuations are often responsible for the cyclic demineralisation, then remineralisation of teeth, a process necessary for tooth maturation. However, since the advent of farming and especially since the industrial revolution, the increase in consumption of carbohydrates, refined sugars and acidic drinks has changed the ecology of biofilms. Biofilm biodiversity is significantly reduced together with a proliferation of acidogenic and aciduric organisms, tipping the balance of the 'demin-remin' cycle towards net mineral loss and hence caries. In addition, the consumption of acidic drinks in today's societies has removed the protective nature of the biofilm, leading to erosion. Erosion and caries are 'modern-day' diseases and reflect an imbalance within the oral biofilm resulting in the demineralisation of teeth.
Topics: Acids; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Diet; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mouth; Oral Health; Saliva; Tooth; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Erosion
PubMed: 25758745
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.002 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2015Biomarkers are functional elements at the cellular or molecular level, playing important roles in health and disease. The dentin-pulp complex of the tooth houses several... (Review)
Review
Biomarkers are functional elements at the cellular or molecular level, playing important roles in health and disease. The dentin-pulp complex of the tooth houses several biomarkers at different stages of development, and a lack of these biomarkers results in developmental disorders. Furthermore, biomarkers play a very important role in the pathogenesis of dental caries, pulpal and periapical pathoses in two ways - they are essential elements in the pathological process and their detection helps in accurate diagnosis of the pathological condition. The aim of this paper is to review the literature regarding the important biomarkers involved in the development of the dentin-pulp complex and in the pathological conditions involving the dentin-pulp complex.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Dentinogenesis; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Odontogenesis; Oral Health; Periapical Diseases; Pulpitis; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 25951306
DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.39.2.r32617516412p710 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Mar 2015With easy chemical synthesis from its precursor, methamphetamine (MA) is now widespread in many countries. The abuse of methamphetamine is associated with several... (Review)
Review
With easy chemical synthesis from its precursor, methamphetamine (MA) is now widespread in many countries. The abuse of methamphetamine is associated with several negative effects on health, because MA is a neurotoxin and a dangerous central nervous system stimulant. It changes levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, releasing dopamine and inhibiting nor epinephrine uptake which increases sympathetic nervous system activity and can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension and tachypnea. The consequences of MA abuse are clearly manifested in oral diseases (like "meth mouth") which is characterised by extensive caries, teeth grinding with ensuing dental wear and trismus. The present review was designed to fill the gap in knowledge about methamphetamine abuse in the European Union (EU) and to illustrate the main clinical effects of prolonged use. After describing the pharmacology and systemic effects of methamphetamine and concentrating on its effects on the mouth, the present review compares the epidemiology and incidence of abuse in the world, particularly the USA and the EU.
Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Europe; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 25662544
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20204 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2002Submersion occurs when a previously erupted tooth becomes embedded in the oral tissues. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution, the degree of...
Submersion occurs when a previously erupted tooth becomes embedded in the oral tissues. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution, the degree of re-impaction, the rate of congenital absence of the successor buds and the treatment in 28 submerged teeth in 17 patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anodontia; Child; Dental Prosthesis; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Maxilla; Molar; Tooth Ankylosis; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Extraction; Tooth, Deciduous; Tooth, Impacted
PubMed: 11990045
DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.26.3.05618l552p320552